Chapter Seven

Key Terms:
Autorophs- 'self feeders' they make their own food and sustain themselves without consuming organic molecules derived from any other organisms.
Photoautotrophs- organisms that produce organic molecules from inorganic molecules using the energy of light.
Producers- organisms that produce its food supply.
Stroma- a thick fluid that is filled in an envelope of two membranes.
Wavelength- the distance between the crests of two adjacent waves. The shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy. the longer the wavelength, the lesser the energy.
Photon- is a fixed quanity of light energy.
Photosystem- consists of a number of light-harvesting complexes surrounding a reaction center complex.
Photorespiration- the breakdown of a two carbon compound produced by the Calvin cycle. photorespiration produces no sugar molecules or ATP.
Electromagnetic spectrum- the full of range of electromagnetic wavelengths from the very short gamma rays to very long wavelength radio waves.
Carbon fixation-the incorporation of carbon from CO2 into organic compounds.

Reading Journal: 1) Where does photosynthesis occur? Photosynthesis occurs in the leaves, within chloroplasts, which contain stroma and grana.
2) What are the two stages of Photosynthesis? Light reactions, which convert light energy to ochemical energy, and the Calvin Cycle, which occur in the stroma.
3) How are the mitrochondria and photosynthesis similar? Both have an electron transport chain, ATP synthase, thylakoid space, ATP, and stroma. They also have a double membrane and contain their own ribosomes.

Five Facts: 1) Photosynthesis consumes water and produces oxygen.
2) Water is oxidized and carbon dioxide is reduced in photosynthesis. 3) The role of NADP in photosynthesis is to accept electrons and carry them to the Calvin Cycle. 4) Plants use the sugar they break downby using it as energy in cellular respiration, store excess sugar as starch, and use it as raw material for making other molecules. 5) Chemiosmosis is used in both Photosynthesis and cellualar respiration.

Photosynthesis contains two cycles, the light reaction and the calvin cycle. There are two photosystems as well, which absorb photons and transfer energy to the chlorophyll. The electrons are excited and passsed from electron acceptors to the electron transport chain, which is shuttled form photosystem II to I. As it is traveling the electron transport chain, it provides energy to make ATP. NADP is now reduced to NADPH, and photosystem II regains electrons by splitting water. During the Light reaction stage, ATP is synthesized during chemiosmosis.
The calvin cycle,occurs in the stroma. It consists of carbon fixation, reduction, release sugar(G3P), and regeneration of RuBP. these electrons are used to build glucose and other organic molecules.
There are also different kind of plants: C3, C4, CAM plants. C3 plants include soybeans, oats, wheat, and rice. these plants produce the three carbon 3-PGA. Stomata closes to reduce the water loss and O2 builds up in the leaf. C4 Plants are able to consume CO2 and go through the calvin cycle during all time of day. CAM plants only consume CO2 at night and go through the calvin cycle during the day.

Here is the basic overview of photosynthesis: the carbon dioxide enters the leaf through the stomata. the chloroplasts capture the light energy and the water enters the leaf. The products of photosynthesis include chemical energy and sugar.















Video Link Photosynthesis:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1_uez5WX1o